11/19/04
TRACING
CHINA’S HISTORY BACK TO NOAH
The internet has opened up many opportunities for studying China’s
history, and even tracing it back to Noah.
This article explores some of the excellent information and resources
now available.
To begin, it is necessary to understand Chinese naming
conventions. In Chinese,
a name is made up of a family name (surname), which is written first, and then
the personal name. Family names are usually of one character each, although
there are exceptions like Ouyong and Situ. There are over 6,000 Chinese
surnames for about 1 billion people.
Chinese who have the same surname have much more loyalty to someone else
who has the same surname than Americans with the same surname have.
In mainland China the
top five family names are Chen, Li, Zhang, He, and Huang. The Li surname has a long history which goes
back to a specific person named Emperor Zhuanzu who was the first Li and lived
before 2000 B.C. This is according to the Xing Zuan, the Chinese dictionary of
surnames. The Li family has a long history in China with many stories. During
the Tang Dynasty about 15 different surnames were given the honor of having the
Li surname. Li Yuan was the founder of the Tang Dynasty which lasted from 618
to 906 A.D. His son who ruled after him was Li Shimin. In their dynasty,
printing and paper money were introduced to China.
Further
information about Chinese names comes by way of the Message Board URL http://boards.ancestry.co.uk/mbexec/msg/5538/iRC.2ACE/541.1
:
”… If anyone is interested in family genealogy
for descendants of China's Chou Dynasty, one source of information in my
family's genealogy homepage at http://www.geocities.com/zhouclan/chia_pu.html.
The Chou Dynasty is China's current Imperial family, which resides abroad,
outside of China, in Hawaii, in the United States of America. The Chou Dynasty
in Hawaii currently consist of approximately 70% of the main prince lineages of
the Ch'ing Dynasty and 40-60% of the main lineages of the Ming Dynasty. All of
these people have lived in America (Hawaii), now, for three generations or more
and are loyal American citizens, holding a belief in democracy and
Christianity. If you can not e-mail me, you can write by postal letter to: Chou
Dynasty, P.O. Box 4604, Honolulu, Hawaii 96812. Send me your e-mail address for
a return reply… I am a descendant of many of China's great families and I am
related to many famous lineages of China. If anyone is doing any serious
history or genealogy research on these people or families, I would like to help
or get involved. You may write to me by postal mail. Their names are given
below:
Chou Dynasty and related family surnames of
Chow (Chou, Zhou), Lum (Lin), Chang (Cheng), Goo (Ku), Wu (Wo, Woo), Ing (Ng),
Ching (Cheng), Ho, Chiang, Mau (Mao), Choy (Tsai), Sun, Yap (Yip, Ye, Yeh),
Wong (Wang), Lai, Kee (Ke), Kwock (Kwok, Kok, Kuo, Guo, Kop), Lau (Liu), Loui
(Lui), Dang (Teng, Tang, Deng, Dung), Siu (Hsiu, Hsiao) and Young (Yang, Yong).
Also, included: Chock (Cheuk, Cho), Tom (Tan, Tam) and Aisin-Gioro.
…The Chou lineage, which I am from are
descendants of the migration to Taiyuan (around 300 BC) and Hsienbei ancestry
(Northern Dynasties of the Tuoba clan 386 BC to 600 BC). My lineage can be
traced to The Chou Dynasty, Northern Chou Dynasty, and Later Chou Dynasty.
I am part-Mongolian, part-Manchurian, but
mostly Chinese. My Mongolian lineage can be traced back to Tamucin. I am a 28th
generation descendant wanting to meet and contact family members around the
world or people interested and/or doing research on the Mongolian history and
genealogy. I am a 6th generation descendant of Tao Kuang (Min Ning) and
second-cousin to China's late Premier Zhou Enlai. By marriage-ties created by
Chou P'an Lung, I am a second-cousin to the late Sun Yat-sen and the late Chiang
Kai-shek.
Lester D.K. Chow
P.O. Box 4604
Honolulu, Hawaii 96812”
So Lester Chow’s historical research is mainly found at http://www.geocities.com/zhouclan/chia_pu.html
. And those engaging in historical
research of China may want to begin there.
But there are other sites with information as well. For example, here is information Lester Chow posted regarding the origin of various Chinese surnames:
“Origin
of Various Surnames,
by Lester D. K. Chow.
When
researching the origin of Chinese family surnames,
we accept, in a general sense, the old 100 surname chart
of Emperor Huang Di. Some families, though, have their
own specific origin, which comes from a time prior to
China's early history.
A
good example of this is the original Chou Dynasty
(1122 BC - 249 BC). The following surnames come from
the Chou Dynasty and represents the families of various
Chou Dynasty Kings and Princes: Chow (Chou, Zhou, Jou),
Lum (Lin), Chang (Cheng), Goo (Ku), Wu (Wo, Woo), Ing
(Ng), Ching (Cheng), Ho, Chiang, Mau (Mao), Choy (Tsai),
Sun, Yap (Yip, Ye, Yeh), Wong (Wang), Lai, Kee (Ke),
Kwock (Kwok, Kok, Kuo, Guo, Kop), Lau (Liu), Loui (Lui),
Dang (Teng, Tang, Deng, Dung, Thien), Siu (Hsiu, Hsiao)
and Young (Yang, Yong). Also, included with the Chou
Dynasty surnames, above, are: Chock (Cheuk, Cho) and Tom
(Tan, Tam).
So,
if your surname is any of the above, you are a
descendant of China's Imperial Chou Dynasty. Family
genealogy can be found at our site… The Chou Clansmen Association Homepage
.”
And here was a question posed to Lester Chow, and his
response:
“> Hello Lester Chow, Your Genealogy of Mankind is
fascinating. In the Genealogy, you
present the Yellow Emperor (the man held to be one of the two progenitors of
the Han Chinese race)
The Yellow Emperor is the progenitor of the Han-Chinese race. He is not one
of two, he is "the" progenitor. It is the Chou clan people, according
to history, and the Chi family (includes the Chow) that have
influenced and directed the "rivers (rivers of mankind in what is called
China, today)" so as to direct Ham's (Han) ancient civilization, out from under
Put and out from under Magog. It is the Chou
and the Chi that have done this and have shaped (re-shaped) China's entire
civilization!
Hou Chi, family and friends, were only factors in shaping China's entire
civilization. Please re-read my site as you will find new meaning, now, with my
explanation. Huang Di may not have been
the smartest, nor wisest, being a descendant of Ham in Nimrod's camp. It is the
Chou and Chi that really shaped China as my work brings this out.
…
HAM (憨 see Han; 咸 see Xian)
HAN (韓,韩,邗,罕,寒 see Hahn, Hon; 憨 see
Ham, Hom)
…The
genealogy text is a record, an accurate record of the Chou clan history, so
this should be preserved by members of the Chou clan. Do you think they are
worthy or caring enough to
devote their time and resources to doing this?
Symbols of the past are important and past history should be preserved. The
past teaches us lessons, that is why the Chou clan fathers recorded their
history and genealogy, done from ancient times like I have done on my above-mentioned
homepage. Can you guess how many in my own family are interested in preserving
this kind of thing? How many are really worthy...
> In the Genealogy, you present
the Yellow Emperor (the man held to be one of the two progenitors of
the Han Chinese race) to be one of the
sons of Put. This is very interesting
because the man Put was mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 10:6) as the son of
Ham, the son of Noah. If the Yellow
Emperor was truly the son of Put like you claim, then most Chinese clans would
be able to trace there lineage up to Adam! I think all Chinese clan
associations will be interested.
Being a descendant of Put, may not be a
complimentary thing. If one was to find out that their lot is an evil one, one
would reject that info as not being true. It is always best to face truth as truth
makes better persons. By realizing our past flaws and failings (the same said
of our ancestors), we can chart a better, more productive, and upright path for
the future. This is the message that I bring, not a
doom and gloom one. I think my genealogy
text says that Huang Di is the eleventh son of Put. … Understanding past history is important, because it allows us
to understand ourselves...”
Here is an excerpt from the website http://www.b17.com/family/lwp/people/chinese.html :
Chinese
Rulers and Emperors |
In History,
Mythology, and Folklore |
|
|
“Early Chinese
history is derived from archaeological evidence and (with due caution) later
legend. More systematic history
begins with the Shang and particularly the Zhou dynasties. This early political period, vital in
Chinese cultural development, ends in 221 B.C.E. with the establishment of a
more powerful state.” [1] |
|
“Chinese emperors
had many names – a family name, reign titles, and a temple name as well as a
multitude of honorary titles. The
first Ming emperor, for example, was born Zhu Yuanzhang (Zhu was his family
name). When he declared himself
emperor he took the reign title Hongwu (‘Vast Military Power’) and was known
after his death by his temple name, Taizu (‘Surpreme Progenitor’). Strictly speaking the reign title refers
to a number of years and the correct usage is therefore ‘emperor of the
Hongwu period’. Ming and Qing
emperors kept one reign title throughout their reign but many earlier
emperors changed them to mark an auspicious event or the start of a new era
and years were then dated from the start of such reign eras rather than from
the emperor’s date of accession.” [2] |
|
“The exact
regulations governing the ranks of women in the imperial household
varied. A girl entered the palace as
a concubine; if she became an imperial favourite, she was promoted to
consort; if the emperor married her, she became empress. Any concubine whose son became emperor
became empress on her son’s accession (this frequently occurred
posthumously).” [2] |
|
|
|
|
Descent of Shang Dynasty Rulers from Adam and
Eve As
Reckoned by Lester D. K. Chow [3] |
||
|
|
|
Old Testament Descendants |
4026
– 3096 B.C. |
Adam (Earthling man, mankind) |
3896
– 2984 B.C. |
Seth (Appointed, substituded) |
|
905 |
Enosh (Enos = man) |
|
910 |
Kenan (Possession) |
|
895 |
Mahalalel (Praise of God, or God shines forth) |
|
3566
– 2604 B.C. |
Jared (Descent) |
|
365 |
Enoch (Initiated, or dedicated) |
|
3229
– 2370 B.C. |
Methuselah (Man of the dart/light spear) |
|
3152
– 2375 B.C. |
Lamech (A strong youth) |
|
2970
– 2020 B.C. |
Noah (Rest, or consolation) |
|
2468 |
Shem (Renown) |
|
2368 |
Arpachshad (Ability) |
|
2333 |
Shelah (Established + place) |
|
2303 |
Eber (Be high gift from God) |
|
2267 |
Joktan (Tribe to sustain) |
|
2206 |
Jobab (Jehovah to hold) |
|
Shang Dynasty Descendants 1767 – 1121 B.C. |
|
Tang | T’ien I | Ch’eng T’ang (To rest on Harmony) |
|
Ta Ting “Great Authority” |
|
|
Ta Chia “Great Family/kindred” |
|
|
Ta Keng | T’ai Keng Hsiao | Keng Pien “Great Change” |
|
|
Ta Mou | T’ai Mou | Chung Tsung “To Say” |
|
|
Chung Ting “Center Authority” |
|
|
Tsu I “My Ancestors” |
|
|
Tsu Hsin “Ancestral Faith” |
|
|
Tsu Ting “Ancestral Authority” |
|
|
Hsiao I “Filial Am I” |
|
|
Wu Ting | Wo Ting | Kao Tsung “Military Authority” |
|
|
Tsu Chia “Ancestral Family |
|
|
K’ang Ting | Keng Ting ‘Peace/Repose Authority” |
|
r.
1123 B.C. |
Wu I | Wu Tsu “Subject to Me” |
|
|
Wen-Wu Ting | T’ai Ting “Shen’s Authority” |
|
|
Fu I | Ti I | I “First Father” |
|
|
His Wen | Ti Hsin | Djou “Succession from Shen” |
|
|
Wu Keng “To Awaken Change” |
…
|
|
|
|
Hsia | Xia Dynasty |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
As
Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
|
|
Yu fl. 2100-2055 |
Xia Yu Di 2205 – 2197 BC |
|
|
Ch'I fl. 2055-2016 |
Xia Qi (2,197 – 2188 B.C.) |
|
|
Ta K'ang fl. 2016-1986 |
Xia Tai Kang (2,188 – 2,159 B.C.) |
|
|
Chung K'ang fl. 1986-1977 |
Xia Zhong Kang (2,159 – 2,146 B.C.) |
|
|
Hsiang fl. 1977-1970 > |
Xia Xiang (2,146 – 2,079 B.C.) |
|
|
Shao K'ang |
Xia Shao Kang (2,079 – 2,057 B.C.) |
|
|
Chu 17 years |
Xia Zhu (2,057 – 2,040 B.C.) |
|
|
Feng 26 years |
Xia Huai (2,040 – 2,014 B.C.) |
|
|
Huang |
Xia Man (2,014 – 1,996 B.C.) |
|
|
Hsieh more than 21 years |
Xia Xie (1,996 – 1,980 B.C.) |
|
|
Pu Chiang 69 years |
Xia Bu Jiang (1,980 – 1,921 B.C.) |
|
|
Chiung 21 years |
Xia Pian (1,921 – 1,900 B.C.) |
|
|
Chin 20 years |
Xia Li (1,900 – 1,879 B.C.) |
|
|
K'ung Chia |
Xia Kung Jia (1,879 – 1,848 B.C.) |
|
|
Kao 3 years |
Xia Bo (1,848 – 1,837 B.C.) |
|
|
Fa |
Xia Fa (1,837 – 1,818 B.C.) |
|
|
Chieh fl. c. 1600 |
Xia Jie (1,818 – 1,783 B.C.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shang
Dynasty |
||
|
|
|
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K.
L. Ross [6] |
Ta E fl. c. 1600 |
|
|
Pu Ping |
|
|
Nan Jen |
Shang Tang (1,783 – 1,753 B.C.) |
Ch'êng-t'ang 1523 - |
Ta Chia |
Shang Tai Jia (1,753 – 1,720 B.C.) |
T'ai-chia |
Tsu Ting |
Shang Wo Ding 1,720 – 1,691 B.C.) |
Wu-ling |
Ta Keng |
Shang Tai Kang (1,691 – 1,666 B.C.) |
T'ai-kêng |
Hsiao Chia |
Shang Xiao Jia (1,666 – 1,649 B.C.) |
Hsiao-chia |
Yung Chi |
Shang Yong Ji (1,649 – 1,637 B.C.) |
Yung-chi |
Ta Mou |
Shang Tai Wu (1,637 – 1,562 B.C.) |
T'ai-wu |
Chung Ting |
Shang Zhong Ding (1,562 – 1,549 B.C.) |
Chung-ting |
Pu Jen |
Shang Wai Ren (1,549 – 1,534 B.C.) |
Wai-jên |
Chia |
Shang He Tan Jia (1,534 – 1,525 B.C.) |
Tsien-chia |
Tsu E |
Shang Zu Yi (1,525 – 1,506 B.C.) |
Tsu-yi |
Tsu Hsin |
Shang Zu Xing (1,506 – 1,490 B.C.) |
Tsu-hsin |
Ch'iang Chia |
Shang Wo Jia (1,490 – 1,465 B.C.) |
Ch'iang-chia |
Tsu Ting |
Shang Zu Ding (1,465 – 1,433 B.C.) |
Tsu-ting |
Nan Keng |
Shang Nan Geng (1,433 – 1,408 B.C.) |
Nan-kêng |
Chia |
Shang Yang Jia (1,408 – 1,401 B.C.) |
Hu-chia |
Pan Keng c. 1325- ? |
Shang Pan Kang (1,401 – 1372 B.C.) |
P'an-kêng |
Hsiao Hsin |
Shang Xiao Xing (1,372 – 1,352 B.C.) |
Hsiao-hsin |
Hsiao E ? -c. 1230 |
Shang Xiao Yi (1,352 – 1,324 B.C.) |
Hsiao-yi |
Wu Ting c. 1230-c. 1171 |
Shang Wu Ding (1,324 – 1,265 B.C.) |
Wu-ting |
Tsu Keng c. 1171-c. 1164 |
Shang Zu Geng (1,265 – 1,258 B.C.) |
Tsu-kêng |
Tsu Chia c. 1164-c. 1131 |
Shang Zu Jia (1,258 – 1,235 B.C.) |
Tsu-chia |
Hsiung Hsin c. 1131-c. 1127 |
Shang Bing Xing (1,235 – 1,219 B.C.) |
Lin-hsin |
K'ang Ting c. 1127-c. 1123 |
Shang Geng Ding (1,219 – 1,198 B.C.) |
K'ang-tin |
Wu E c. 1123-c. 1088 |
Shang Wu Yi (1,198 – 1,194 B.C.) |
Wu-yi |
Wen Wu Ting c. 1088-c. 1077 |
Shang Tai Ding (1,194 – 1,191 B.C.) |
Wên-wu-ting |
Fu E c. 1077-c. 1075 |
Shang Di Yi (1,191 – 1,154 B.C.) |
Ti-yi |
Ti Hsin c. 1075-c. 1050 |
Shang Zhou (1,154 – 1,134 B.C.) |
Ti-hsin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chou | Xi Zhou Dynasty |
||
|
|
|
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K.
L. Ross [6] |
Wu c. 1050-c. 1047 |
Zhou Wu Wang (1,134-1,115 B.C.) |
Wu Wang |
Ch'eng c. 1047-c. 1017 |
Zhou Cheng Wang (1,115-1,078 B.C.) |
Chêng Wang |
K'ang c. 1017-c. 992 |
Zhou Kang Wang (1,078 – 1,052 B.C.) |
K'ang Wang |
Chao c. 992-c. 973 |
Zhou Zhao Wang (1,052 – 1,001 B.C.) |
Chao Wang |
Mu c. 973-c. 918 |
Zhou Mu Wang (1,001 – 946 B.C.) |
Mu Wang |
Kung c. 918-c. 903 |
Zhou Gong Wang (946 – 934 B.C.) |
Kung Wang |
E c. 903-c. 900 |
Zhou Yi Wang (934 – 909 B.C.) |
I Wang |
Hsiao c. 900-c. 893 |
Zhou Xiao Wang (909 – 894 B.C.) |
Hsiao Wang |
Yi c. 893-c. 861 |
Zhou Yi Wang (894 – 878 B.C.) |
I Wang |
Li c. 861-827 |
Zhou Li Wang (878 – 827 B.C.) |
Li Wang 878 |
Hsuan 827-781 |
Zhou Xuan Wang (827 – 781 B.C.) |
Hsüan Wang 827 |
Yu 781-c. 772 |
Zhou You Wang (781 – 770 B.C.) |
Yu Wang 781 |
From this
time on, the structure of Chinese society became increasingly feudalized, as
local provinces became increasingly autonomous. Formal recognition of the
Chou Emperors was retained, but real power fell more and more into the hands
of petty Kingdoms within China. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dong Zhou Dynasty |
||
|
|
|
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K.
L. Ross [6] |
Ping c. 772-719 with... |
Zhou Ping Wang (770-719 B.C.) |
P'ing Wang 770 |
Hsi Wang 770-760 |
|
|
Huan 719-696 |
Zhou Huan Wang (719 – 696 B.C.) |
Huan Wang 719 |
Chuang 696-681 |
Zhou Zhuang Wang (696 – 683 B.C.) |
Chuang Wang 696 |
His 681-675 |
Zhou Xi Wang (683 –676 B.C.) |
Hsi Wang 681 |
T'ui 675-673 with... |
Zhou Hui Wang (676 – 651 B.C.) |
Hui Wang 676 |
Hui 675-c. 651 |
|
|
Hsiang c. 651-c. 618 with... |
Zhou Xian Wang (651 – 618 B.C.) |
Hsiang Wang 651 |
Shu Tai 636-635 |
|
|
Ch'ing c. 618-612 |
Zhou Qing Wang (618 – 612 B.C.) |
Ch'ing Wang 618 |
K'uang 612-606 |
Zhou Kuang Wang (612 – 606 B.C.) |
K'uang Wang 612 |
Ting 606-585 |
Zhou Ding Wang (606 –585 B.C.) |
Ting Wang 606 |
Chien 585-571 |
Zhou Jian Wang (585 – 571 B.C.) |
Chien Wang 585 |
Ling 571-544 |
Zhou Ling Wang (571 – 544 B.C.) |
Ling Wang 571 |
Ching (I) 544-520 |
Zhou Jing Wang (544 – 519 B.C.) |
Ching Wang 544 |
Tao 520 |
|
|
Ching (II) 519-c. 476 |
Zhou Jing Wang (519 – 476 B.C.) |
Ching Wang |
YuanC c. 476-c. 469 |
Zhou Yuan Wang (476 – 468 B.C.) |
Yüan Wang 475 |
Ting c. 469-c. 440 |
Zhou Zhen Ding Wang (468 – 441 B.C.) |
Chêng-ting Wang 468 |
K'ao c. 440- ? with... |
Zhou Ai Wang (441 – 441 B.C.) |
K'ao Wang 440 |
Ai 440 and... |
|
|
Ssu 440 and... |
Zhou Si Wang (441 – 440 B.C.) |
|
Hsi Chou Huan Kung |
Zhou Kao Wang (440 – 425 B.C.) |
|
Wei Lieh 425- ? with... |
Zhou Wei Li Wang (425 – 401 B.C.) |
Wei-lieh Wang 425 |
Hsi Chou Wei Kung |
|
|
By this point
the Chou monarchy had lost all control over provincial dynasties, and the
remaining Chou era is known as the "Warring States" period, as
various local states contended for the Mandate of Heaven. |
|
|
An c. 401- ? with... |
Zhou An Wang (401 – 375 B.C.) |
An Wang 401 |
Hsi Chou Hui Kung |
|
|
Lieh 375-368 with... |
Zhou Lie Wang (375 – 368 B.C.) |
Lieh Wang 375 |
Hsi Chou Wu Kung ? - ? and... |
|
|
Tung Chou Hui Kung 367-359 and then... |
|
|
Heien 368- ? with... |
Zhou Xian Wang (368 – 320 B.C.) |
Hsien Wang 368 |
Hsi Chou Wen Kung ? -249 (sic) and... |
|
|
Tung Chou Wu Kung 359- ? then... |
|
|
Shen Ching 320-314 |
Zhou Shen Ling Wang (320 – 314 B.C.) |
Shên-ching Wang 320 |
Nan 314-256 |
Zhou Bao Wang (314 – 255 B.C.) |
Nan Wang 314-256 |
|
Zhou Hui Wang (255 – 221 B.C.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chin | Qin | Ch'in Dynasty |
|||
|
|
|
|
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K.
L. Ross [6] |
As Reckoned By A. Paludan [2] |
|
|
Chao-hsiang
Wang (302) |
|
|
|
Hsiao-wên
Wang 250 |
|
|
|
Chuang-hsing
Wang 249 |
|
Shihuangdi
(Zheng) 247-210 |
Qin Shi Huang
Di (246 – 210
B.C.) |
Wang Chêng 247 (changes his
name to) 221 |
Zheng Qin
Shihuangdi 221 BC - 210
BC |
Er Shi (Hu
Hai) 210-207 |
Qin Er Shi (209 – 207
B.C.) |
Erh-shih-huang-ti 209 |
Hu Hai Er Shi |
Ershihuangdi 210 BC - 207
BC |
Ziying 207-206 |
Qin San Shi (207 – 206
B.C.) |
|
Ziying |
Sanshihuangdi 207 BC - 207
BC Reigned 46
days |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western Han | Hàn | Xi Han
Dynasty
|
|||
|
|
|
|
As Reckoned by Obsidian [5] |
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K.
L. Ross [6] |
As Reckoned By A. Paludan [2] |
Gaodi (Liu Bang) 206-195 |
Han Gao Zu – Liu Bang (206 – 194 B.C.) |
Kao Tsu 206 |
Liu Bang | Liu Ji Gaodi | Gaozu 206 BC - 195 BC |
|
Chu Ba Wang (206 – 202 B.C.) |
|
|
Huidi (Liu Ying) 195-188 |
Han Hui Di (194 – 187 B.C.) |
Hui Ti 194 |
Liu Ying Huidi 195 BC - 188 BC |
Shaodi Kong 188-180 with... |
Han Lu Hou (187 – 179 B.C.) |
Lu Hou (f) regent |
Lu Zhi | Lu Hou (Regent for Shaodi Kong and Shaodi Hong) 188 BC - 180 BC |
Shaodi Hong 188-180 |
|
|
|
Wendi (Liu Heng) 180-157 |
Han Wen Di (179 – 156 B.C.) |
Wên Ti 179 |
Liu Heng Wendi 180 BC - 157 BC |
Jingdi (Liu Qi) 157-141 |
Han Jing Di (156 – 140 B.C.) |
Ching Ti 156 |
Liu Qi Jingdi 157 BC - 141 BC |
Wudi (Liu Che) 141-87 |
Han Wu Di (140 – 86 B.C.) |
Wu Ti 140 |
Liu Che Wudi 141 BC - 87 BC |
Zhaodi (Liu Fuling) 87-74 |
Han Zhao Di (86 – 74 B.C.) |
Chao Ti 86 |
Liu Fuling Zhaodi 87 BC - 74 BC |
Xuandi (Liu Bingyi) 74-49 |
Han Xuan Di (74 – 49 B.C.) |
Hsüan Ti 73 |
Liu Bingyi | Liu Xun Xuandi 74 BC - 49 BC |
Yuandi (Liu Shi) 49-33 |
Han Yuan Di (49 – 32 B.C.) |
Yüan Ti 48 |
Liu Shi Yuandi 49 BC - 33 BC |
Chengdi (Liu Ao) 33-7 |
Han Cheng Di (32 – 6 B.C.) |
Ch'eng Ti 32 |
Liu Ao | Liu Au Chengdi 33 BC - 7 BC |
Aidi (Liu Xin) 7-1 |
Han Ai Di (6 – 0 B.C.) |
Ai Ti 6 BC |
Liu Xin Aidi 7 BC - 1 BC |
Pingdi (Liu Jizi) 1 BCE-6 CE |
Han Ping Di (0 – 6 A.D.) |
P'ing Ti 1 AD |
Liu Jizi | Liu Kan Pingdi 1 BC - 6 AD |
Ruzi (Liu Ying) 6-9 |
|
Ju-tzu 6 |
Liu Ying Ruzi 7 - 9 |
|
|
|
Wang Mang 9 - 23 |
|
|
|
Note: Wang
Mang founded the Xin (‘New’) dynasty, but it is not recognized by official
historians. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hsin | Xin Dynasty |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
As Reckoned By Yutopian [4] |
As Reckoned By K. L. Ross [6] |
|
|
Wang Mang (? – 23 A.D.) |
Wang Mang 9 |
|
|
Han Wei Yang Wang – Liu Xuan (23 – 25 A.D.) |
Huai-yang Wang 23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eastern Han
Dynasty |
||
|
|
|
Eastern Han
Dynasty |
25 - 57 |
Liu Xiu | Guang Wudi | Guangwudi |
57 - 75 |
Liu Yang | Liu Zhuang | Mingdi |
|
75 - 88 |
Liu Da | Zhangdi |
|
88 - 106 |
Liu Zhao | Hedi |
|
106 - 106 |
Liu Long | Shangdi |
|
106 - 125 |
Liu Yu | Liu Hu | Andi |
|
125 - 144 |
Liu Bao | Shundi |
|
144 - 145 |
Liu Bing | Chongdi |
|
145 - 146 |
Liu Zuan | Zhidi |
|
146 - 168 |
Liu Zhi | Huandi |
|
168 - 189 |
Liu Hong | Lingdi |
|
189 - 220 |
Liu Xie | Xiandi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Three Kingdoms Period |
||
|
|
|
Wei Kingdom |
220 - 226 |
Cao Pi | Wendi |
227 - 239 |
Mingdi |
|
240 - 253 |
Shaodi |
|
254 - 260 |
Gao Gui Xiang Gong |
|
260 - 264 |
Yuandi |
|
Wu Kingdom |
222 - 252 |
Sun Quan | Wu Wudi |
252 - 258 |
Feidi |
|
258 - 264 |
Jingdi |
|
264 - 280 |
Modi |
|
Shu Han Kingdom |
221 - 223 |
Liu Bei | Shu Han Xuande | Zhaoliedi |
223 - 263 |
Hou Zhu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Period
of Disunion |
||
|
|
|
Western Jin |
265 - 289 |
Sima Yuan | Sima Yan | Jin Wudi |
290 - 306 |
Sima Zhong | Huidi |
|
307 - 312 |
Sima Zhi | Huaidi |
|
313 - 316 |
Sima Ye | Mindi |
|
Eastern Jin |
317 - 322 |
Sima Rui | Yuandi |
323 - 325 |
Sima Shao | Mingdi |
|
326 - 342 |
Sima Yan | Chengdi |
|
343 - 344 |
Sima Yue | Kangdi |
|
345 - 361 |
Sima Dan | Mudi |
|
362 - 365 |
Sima Pi | Aidi |
|
366 - 370 |
Sima Yi | Hai Xi Gong | Haixigong |
|
371 - 372 |
Sima Yu | Jian Wendi | Jianwendi |
|
373 - 396 |
Sima Yao | Xiao Wudi | Xiaowudi |
|
397 - 418 |
Sima Dezong | Andi |
|
419 -419 |
Sima Dewen | Gongdi |
|
Liu Song
Dynasty |
420 - 422 |
Liu Yu | Song Wudi |
423 - 423 |
Liu Yifu | Ying Yang Wang |
|
424 - 453 |
Liu Yilong | Wendi |
|
454 - 464 |
Liu Jun | Xiao Wudi |
|
465 - 472 |
Liu Yu | Mingdi |
|
473 - 476 |
Liu Ye | Cang Wu Wang |
|
477 - 479 |
Liu Jun | Shundi |
|
Qi Dynasty |
479 - 482 |
Xiao Daocheng | Qi Gaodi |
483 - 493 |
Xiao Ze | Wudi |
|
494 - 498 |
Xiao Luan | Mingdi |
|
499 - 500 |
Xiao Bao Chuan | Dong Hunhou |
|
501 -501 |
Hedi |
|
Liang
Dynasty |
502 - 549 |
Xiao Yan | Liang Wudi |
550 - 550 |
Xiao Gang | Jian Wendi |
|
551 - 551 |
Yu Zhang Wang |
|
552 - 554 |
Xiao Yi | Yuandi |
|
555 - 556 |
Xiao Fangzhi | Jingdi |
|
Chen |
557 -559 |
Chen Baxian | Wudi |
560 - 566 |
Chen Qian | Wendi |
|
567 - 568 |
Chen Bozong | Lin Hai Wang |
|
569 - 582 |
Chen Xu | Xuandi |
|
583 - 589 |
Chen Shubao | Hou Zhu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sui and Tang Dynasties |
||
|
|
|
Sui Dynasty |
581 - 604 |
Yang Jian | Wendi |
604 - 617 |
Yang Guang | Yangdi |
|
617 - 618 |
Yang Yu | Gongdi |
|
Tang Dynasty |
618 - 626 |
Li Yuan | Gaozu |
626 - 649 |
Li Shimin | Taizong |
|
649 - 683 |
Li Zhi | Gaozong |
|
684 - 684 |
Li Zhe | Zhongzong |
|
684 - 690 |
Li Dan | Ruizong |
|
690 - 705 |
Wu Zhao | Wu Zetian |
|
705 - 710 |
Li Zhe | Zhongzong |
|
710 - 712 |
Li Dan | Ruizong |
|
712 - 756 |
Li Longji | Xuanzong |
|
756 - 762 |
Li Yu | Li Heng | Suzong |
|
762 - 779 |
Li Yu | Daizong |
|
779 - 805 |
Li Shi | Dezong |
|
805 - 805 |
Li Song | Shunzong |
|
805 - 820 |
Li Chun | Xianzong |
|
820 - 824 |
Li Heng | Muzong |
|
824 - 827 |
Li Zhan | Jingzong |
|
827 - 840 |
Li Ang | Wenzong |
|
840 - 846 |
Li Yan | Wuzong |
|
846 - 859 |
Li Chen | Li Zhen | Xuanzong |
|
859 - 873 |
Li Wen | Li Cui | Yizong |
|
873 - 888 |
Li Yan | Xizong |
|
888 - 904 |
Li Jie | Li Yi | Zhaozong |
|
904 - 907 |
Li Zhu | Adi | Zhaoxuan | Aizong |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Five Dynasties Period |
||
|
|
|
Later Liang |
907 - 910 |
Zhu Wen | Liang Taizu |
911 - 923 |
Modi |
|
Later Tang |
923 - 926 |
Tang Zhuangzong |
926 - 935 |
Mingzong |
|
934 - 935 |
Feidi |
|
Later Jin |
936 - 944 |
Gaozu |
944 - 947 |
Chudi |
|
Later Han |
947 - 948 |
Gaozu |
948 - 951 |
Yindi |
|
Later Zhou |
951 - 954 |
Taizu |
954 - 960 |
Shizong |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northern and Southern Song |
||
|
|
|
Northern Song |
960 - 976 |
Zhao Kuangyin | Taizu |
976 - 997 |
Zhao Guangyi | Zhao Kuangyi | Taizong |
|
998 - 1022 |
Zhao Dechang | Zhao Heng | Zhenzong |
|
1022 - 1063 |
Zhao Zhen | Renzong |
|
1064 - 1067 |
Zhao Shu | Yingzong |
|
1068 - 1085 |
Zhao Xu | Shenzong |
|
1086 - 1101 |
Zhao Xu | Zhezong |
|
1101 - 1125 |
Zhao Ji | Huizong |
|
1126 - 1126 |
Zhao Huan | Qinzong |
|
Southern Song |
1127 - 1162 |
Zhao Gou | Gaozong |
1163 - 1190 |
Zhao Bozong | Zhao Shen | Xiaozong |
|
1190 - 1194 |
Zhao Dun | Guangzong |
|
1195 - 1224 |
Zhao Kuo | Ningzong |
|
1225 - 1264 |
Zhao Yuju | Zhao Tian | Lizong |
|
1265 - 1274 |
Zhao Mengqi | Zhao Qi | Duzong |
|
1275 - 1275 |
Zhao Xian | Gongzong | Gongdi |
|
1276 - 1278 |
Zhao Shi | Duanzong |
|
1279 - 1279 |
Zhao Bing | Bing Di |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yuan Dynasty 1279 - 1368 |
||
|
|
|
Yuan Dynasty |
1279 - 1294 |
Khubilai Khan | Shizu |
1294 - 1307 |
Temur Oljeitu | Chengzong |
|
1308 - 1311 |
Khaishan | Wuzong |
|
1311 - 1320 |
Ayurbarwada | Ayurbadrabal | Renzong |
|
1321 - 1323 |
Shidebala | Shoodbal | Yingzong |
|
1323 - 1328 |
Yesun Temur | Yesuntemur | Taiding |Taidingdi |
|
1328 - 1329 |
Tugh Temur | Asugbal | Wenzong Tianshundi |
|
1329 - 1329 |
Tugh Khoshila | Hooshal | Mingzong |
|
1329 - 1332 |
Tugh Temur | Tugtemur | Wenzong |
|
1333 - 1368 |
Toghon Temur | Togontemur | Shundi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ming Dynasty 1368 - 1644 |
||
|
|
|
Ming Dynasty |
1368 - 1398 |
Zhu Yuanzhang | Zhu Yuanzhong | Hongwu | Taizu |
1399 -1402 |
Zhu Yunwen | Jianwen | Huidi |
|
1403 - 1424 |
Zhu Di | Yongle | Chengzu |
|
1424 - 1425 |
Zhu Gaozhi | Hongxi | Renzong |
|
1426 - 1435 |
Zhu Zhanji | Xuande | Xuanzong |
|
1436 - 1449 |
Zhu Qizhen | Zhengtong | Tianshun | Yingzong |
|
1450 - 1457 |
Zhu Qiyu | Jingtai | Jengdi |
|
1457 - 1464 |
Zhu Qizhen | Zhengtong | Tianshun | Yingzong |
|
1465 - 1487 |
Zhu Jianshen | Zhu Jianji | Zhu Jianru | Chenghua | Xianzong |
|
1488 - 1505 |
Zhu Yutang | Hongzhi | Xiaozong |
|
1506 - 1521 |
Zhu Houzhao | Zhengde | Wuzong |
|
1522 - 1567 |
Zhu Houcong | Zhu Houzong | Jiahing | Shizong |
|
1567 - 1572 |
Zhu Zaihou | Longqing | Muzong |
|
1573 - 1620 |
Zhu Yizhun | Zhu Yijun | Wanli | Shenzong |
|
1620 - 1620 |
Zhu Changle | Zhu Changluo | Taichang | Guangzong |
|
1621 - 1627 |
Zhu Yujiao | Tianqi | Xizong |
|
1628 - 1644 |
Zhu Yujian | Chongzhen | Zhongzhen | Sizong |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1911 |
||
|
|
|
Qing Dynasty |
1644 - 1661 |
Fulin | Shunzhi | Shizu |
1661 - 1722 |
Xuan Ye | Xuanye | Kangxi | Shengzu |
|
1723 - 1735 |
Yinchen | Yinzhen | Yongzheng | Shizong |
|
1736 - 1795 |
Hongli | Qianlong | Gaozong |
|
1796 - 1820 |
Yongyan | Jiajing | Renzong |
|
1821 - 1850 |
Min Ning | Minning | Daoguang | Xuanzong |
|
1851 - 1861 |
Yichu | Yizhu | Xianfeng | Wenzong |
|
1862 - 1874 |
Zaichun | Tongzhi | Muzong |
|
1875 - 1908 |
Zai Tian | Zaitian | Guangxu | Dezong |
|
1909 - 1911 |
Aisin Gioro Puyi | Henry Puyi | Xuandi |
Xuantong | Xuanzong |
|
[1] Stearns,
Peter N., General Editor, The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth
Edition, 2001, ISBN 0‑395‑65237‑5. |
[2] Paludan,
Ann, Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the
Rulers of Imperial China, 1998, ISBN 0‑500‑05090‑2. |
[3] Chow,
Lester D. K., Chou Dynasty, 2001. |
[4] Yutopian,
Chinese
Culture: History, 2000. |
[5] Obsidian,
Regnal Chronologies: China, 2002. |
[6] Ross,
Kelley L., Emperors
of the Sangoku, The “Three Kingdoms,” of India, China, & Japan, 2001. |
|
Go to the index for People in History, Mythology, and Folklore
…”
Here is information from FAQ: About China's Imperial Family http://lchow.webvis.net/faq :
“ a) The Chou Dynasty is China's most benevolent and longest lasting
dynasty in the history of China (800 years).
b) The descendants of the Chou along with the people of the Chi
grouping are Shemites, descendants of Shem, as opposed to the Han
(Hamite, descendants of Ham) people of China.
c) By their ancient paternal lineage, they are an ancient Hebrew tribe
of people who migrated or were sinocized into the Han-Chinese race.
They could be classified, today, by their ancient paternal lineage,
as being Caucasian, Middle Eastern, or Arab.
d) The primary essence of the Chou was the worship of God and obedience
to God's leanings. From the Chou Dynasty comes China's knowledge of
God and Heaven. In ancient times, people were in darkness and Nimrod
took his people (Hamites) away from the knowledge of God. Written
language ceased to exist and man denigrated into a low and debased
state of existence. The Chou Dynasty and Chi grouping of people
brought back civilization and a godly (organized) form of existence
to China in the form of an upright feudal state. From this early
beginning, all of China's cyclical patterns derive.
e) The Chow clan begins with a man named Jobab (Jo.ab or Jo.bah), who
was born in 2206 BC, after whom the Chou or Chow Dynasty and clan
gets its name (Chou is prounced as "Jo").
f) The Chou history, though, according to Chou clan records, goes back
to the era around 3896-2984 BC and to a time around 1366 BC with the
founding of their family's dynasty structure.
g) In 1122 BC, the Chou Dynasty begins its formal reign of China. The
Chou Dynasty ends in 256 BC giving the Chou Dynasty a reign of 866
years, the longest in China's history.
h) The Chou (Jo) clan people are originally from the Wei river valley,
in northern China, which is a valley which resembles their original
home in the Middle East, an ancient village, later named Hassuna
(formerly the village of Joktan), which was located across the Tigris
River, south of Calneh, during the time of Nimrod's rule. The
Chinese word wei's main meaning or root is "terrorize," which is what
Nimrod did to many ancient cities during his day.
i) The essence of the Chou, therefore, is a godly one, ever since the
early beginnings of its history, in 3896, until today, the leaders
of the dynasty and clan, if they are true to their faith, hopefully,
were good and upright leaders in whatever endeavor they chose to
undertake. Virtue, benevolence, and true worship of God is what the
Chou is all about…”
http://rebelynn21.tripod.com/id9.html
:
History
of Jew Surname |
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
So the
internet provides fertile ground for research in China’s history, even back to
the time of Noah.